Religion Film Analysis - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2542 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/03/19 Category Art Essay Level High school Tags: Film Analysis Essay Did you like this example? Introduction Perception is often defined as the process of how you view the world around you. Organizing, interpreting information starts out from that perception. Perception plays a big part because your reality is determined by your culture, beliefs, and life experiences. Perception also affects the way people communicate with one another. Perception also plays a crucial role in representing war conflict among society and expressing who the good and bad guys are. Religion is also somewhat the primary source in some cases. Whether it being the good guy trying to seek justice in bringing down the bad guy, war is represented in many ways as a resolution to resolve an issue. I also think that religion paves a pathway for society which allows people to have a reason behind their action. This point has shaped peoples personal morals and perceptions as well as the laws to establish societys fundamental ways. Many movies portray religion to interpret messages to their audiences in different ways. The entertainment industry has also played a vital role in representing religious practices and beliefs in a bad way. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Religion Film Analysis" essay for you Create order Many films have spirituality and even strictly use religion as their main theme. It provides a sense of guide. Religion has its shares of promoting violence as we can see in four films. Many will argue that the cause on wars is from economic and political reasons. Separating religion out of economic and political motives can reveal so much. In these specific films American Sniper and Three Kings, The Reluctant Fundamentalist, and Inglorious Bastards their cultural changes can be examined through the different representations of war and shows who the good and bad guys. In the legendary film, American Sniper, real-life experiences can express how much of an evolving country America has transformed into. The representation of war in which it is also apparent to show the good and bad guys is also classified here. Americans are often looked upon as self-centered and only concerned about their own people. They had no intentions of befriending the enemy and in this film, it is obvious as to who the enemy is. This film through the eyes of Kyle, presents more of an emotional, brave and violent aspect, while in film Three Kings it contributes more of an adventurous, rebellious, brutal and comical side. The Gulf war which was viewed as an interesting part of modern history does reflect within these cultural changes and can be seen in these films. The two films in a way try to ignore the political stance rather than the military establishment. In John Engelhardts book, The End of Victory Culture he exposes the victory culture of the US propaganda by media and industries, particularly those that are targeted towards cultural growth, and victory cultures decline from the Vietnam War to the present. Engelhardts book argues that the truthful collapse was due to the decline of Americas victory culture. Foreign threats and lack of position understanding have also increased violence. He explains how an array of disconnect since 9/11 plays a big part in change including how dominance, victory, and war are perceived. John Engelhardt argues that the reinterpretation of American culture since World War II relates to the experience of a generation that grew up in the wake of Japanese surrender to present time. Through these movies they explore the cultural values within a nation that has lost its national myth which Engelhardt states that elimination of a less than human enemy was the key to achieving its destiny (). It can be determined that even an observer of American culture would say that that change has been through being more sympathetic to civilians. The concept of befriending another group was completely out the door. Those changes were made by the cultural values, lifestyles and attitude. There seems to be an endless array of conflict because there is a lack of agreement. Within the film Chris Kyle often refers to the bible and God as the center of why he kept his faith. I think the after math of war does in fact traumatize a person which is why I think Kyle struggled emotionally after returning from war. His religious identity may also have been his way of survival. With the number of kills Kyle reportedly recorded he became numb and killing became a norm for him. Since he knew Jesus died on the cross, But I strongly believe in God, Jesus, and the Bible. When I die, God is going to hold me accountable for everything Ive done on earth. I believe the fact that Ive accepted Jesus as my savior will be my salvation, he wrote. But in that backroom or whatever it is when God confronts me with my sins, I do not believe any of the kills I had during the war will be among them. Everyone I shot was evil. I had good cause on every shot. They all deserved to die (). He felt that it was his duty to kill the evil and we can clearly see this through his encounters. He justifies his kills by expressing how they were indeed evil and they deserved to be killed. Using biblical references in some way provided a source of shield and protection over his actions. Kyle did not have to make a big show out of getting down on one knee and praying to show his religious beliefs verbally as anyone Christian would in church, but instead this was a mental act that kept his faith strong. What made American Sniper quite interesting is the fact that it introduced the typical Arab stereotype. When Kyle was on top of a building watching through a high-powered scope there was a young mother and boy walking. Kyle watched as the mother, wrapped in her burqa and hijab, and handed a grenade to the young boy and sent him through towards a squad of American troops. They were seen from his point of view as dangerous and he had to protect his men, so he executed them both. The film shows no empathy towards the woman and child. Kyles viewpoint holds as a way of justification for his actions. To protect his troop, he had to make a choice and pick who was the good and bad guys and remorse was not an option here. In another way the film Three Kings pinpoints a completely different outlook on the representations of war and who are the good guys and bad guys with religion. What Englehardt mentions can be assessed in the film Three Kings. In his online journal he says, The only notable movie to come out of the war, Three Kings, presented the conflict as Vietnam on speed: a war of multiple betrayals and massacres; a war without honor or sense (Dreaming of World War II, living with Vietnam). Because the movie portrays a wild, comical and interesting view the movie presents so much truth. The three men seem to be on an adventure to find the gold but along the way the greed turns into a good deed and sacrifice. At the beginning of the movie tension arises when the civilian children think the American soldiers are there to help, but the parents sense something is wrong because the soldiers barge in looking for something. They are intimidated and afraid and that is something all war troops pose in other countries. They are there to protect their own country and what they sent out to do. In one scene, it was misinterpretation because the Arab soldiers shot the big truck which they assumed was dangerous but instead they realized after busting it with bullets that it contained milk for the civilians. A lot of what the movie presented explains exactly how out soldiers are. Troy did not want to go through with the quest because he knew it would be dangerous, and he felt that he needed to stay alive because of his family. A few examples of American culture were when they used football shaped bombs. Clooney also says something very intriguing stating, no unnecessary shots because we know what they do. He means that the Arab soldiers are known for just shooting carelessly, and we saw this because when the three kings tried to escape with the prisoners a little boy tried to stop the explosives and gasses from when shot at Clooney and his team. The Arabs then shot a bomb and killed the little boy. This shows how because the little boy went against his own people he was killed for trying to help the American soldiers and prisoners he was banished. Another representation of American culture is also the luxurious cars, and how Clooney needed money to give cars, they bought the cars, and how one man was stealing nice jeans. Another interesting point is when troy gets kidnapped by the Arabs and held captive. This explains what Americans go through and what they get themselves into. Interrogation starts when the guy starts questioning Troy about Michael Jackson and why his black skin turned white. The guy says that America makes blacks hate themselves and he blames America for this. He also states that Americans blow up their homes when they come to Iraq and that is how he lost his child, wife and family. This man is basically expressing his truthful thoughts of how other people perceive Americans stating they come there to destroy. They also state how the American reporters do not know exactly what they are recording, they view things for entertainment and a business. The reporter mentions that the industry is about sexual politics, looks, sex, and style. I find it interesting that when Troy gets rescued he hesitates and does not does not kill the guy because everything he stated to him when he was kidnapped really has him thinking. Troys whole perspective is changed now because he sees that these are people too and he had no clue they viewed Americans in such a terrible way that he allows him to live. Through this film we can see how other countries are intimidated by American soldiers because they are trained in weapons, cause interrogation, and invade another country. This film basically starts out as greed but later turned into good deed. Although Clooney and his team was less than 100 feet away from the check in point at the Iraq border point they risked their constitutional rights to save those civilian refugees for the gold and good deed. Soldiers are known for their honor but here Clooney feels good about disobeying the policy to help other people instead of earning a star medal for the gold. The Gold was eventually returned to Kuwait by Iraq, but the American troops were in violation of the American policy for helping the civilians. Although Three Kings advertises more of a dark-comedy yet sympathetic it leans more on a lesson learned. At the same time, it tries to be a film about human nature and how the evil guy and the good guy are at stake. It places war life in a sense of what would you choose your own people or stand up for justice. Since America is known as a moral motivation of liberty and justice for all. It also factors in the Biblical view of human nature and how the concept of sacrifice is the right thing to do. On the other hand, The Reluctant Fundamentalist focuses on the context of debates about U.S multiculturalism after 9/11. Through this film the representation of war is also apparent as to who the good and bad guys are. Whenever the word Muslim comes into play people automatically assume terrorist. In this film a well-educated Princeton Wall Street analyst from Pakistan reveals how 9/11 changed his worldview and opinion. During a conversation with an American journalist investigating the kidnapping of a foreign professor Changez begins to see why he left the US in the first place. They want him to go against his own people to help the CIA. possible fundamentalist because of how he looks racial differences. America is no longer pulling but pushing. Yet hes not particularly religious. But during his stay in America, he begins to act in a way that seems increasingly Muslim-nationalist. So theres an element of him being the reluctant fundamentalist. Changez works for a firm, where he values companies based on their economic fundamentals. As he begins to identify more and more with the employees of the companies that he is valuing, he becomes a reluctant fundamentalist in his inability to continue doing that. an economic boom beginning. fits right in with current debates about the radicalization of young Muslims. Changez is torn between the desire to belong and his fear of the cultural take their toll on Changez life and America soon invades Afghanistan, Changez rejects the American dream altogether, Hamid intentionally leaves open the question of who represents good and who evil in this battle of wills. According to Hamid, The real question is: Will humanity find the empathy we need if we are to live together. Many may question why is an American life more important and why is Changez to blame? His background profile is basically thrown to the side and the American journalist looks at his physical appearance that may fit the what they are looking for. Because Changez is a part of a culture that speaks the Pakistan language they ignore his intelligence but instead use that as a threat. During this time, it seems as if Americans became more cautious and blamed any person that looked different or fit the description after 9/11. In the film a reporter says, violence is used as a tool for social change and because Changez held secret meetings they thought he was behind it. Changez was treated as a terrorist when he was stripped and told to bend over. He felt as if they dehumanized him. He noticed his friends started talking down on Muslims. Americans took different forms on how they reached this event. When an individual is not culturally fit he is judged and labeled as a terrorist or an enemy. As things progress aggression begins to form which interfered with their jobs. Changez was harassed, tires slashed, his familys house was raided, and then suddenly violence came over him. He still carried on his cultural traditions but attending church and. Changez noticed that he is trying to help everyone, but everyone saw it as wrong. He had concluded that money cannot fix everything. His job had told him to get rid of his beard because it intimidated people because they were used to a clean cut. Appearances were important at this point. Changez experience injustice when he was arrested because the police thought he did something wrong when he was the wrong guy. Changez says I have to live in truth which is why he finally decides to go back to his homeland where he felt comfortable and likely accepted by his people. Once home the song lyrics are religious and he wants the lord to hear him out. With no job or no visa he feels that since he could not be himself in another country he would do it in his own country.

The Banning Of Movies On Lgbt, Religion, Laws, And History

The recent banning of movies with the reason of them containing homosexual contents have started a wave of ridicule of authorities and their justification. Over the years, several movies were banned in the United States for the same reason as well. Such examples include American Beauty, But I’m a Cheerleader, Rent, Brokeback Mountain, and Bruno. Besides movies, anything and everything else on the media have been closely monitored by the authorities. Authorities in certain countries, especially Middle Eastern countries, have even gone to the lengths of labelling homosexuality as illegal by law. This not only affects the thinking of citizens of those countries, but also oppress people that identify as LGBTQ in those respective countries.†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, the word â€Å"homosexual† is a socially constructed word. According to Creech, sexuality was only explored towards the end of the 19th century through psychoanalysts as they believed that sexual ity helps understand human personality better. All in all, The Bible encourages â€Å"a loving, mutual, caring, committed relationship†. Understanding this, churches are beginning to grow more accepting towards the LGBTQ community (Murphy). Indic religions, or Dharmic religions, such as Hinduism and Buddhism, do not express strong opinions on homosexuality. In fact, a third gender is mentioned in an ancient Hindu legal text called Manu Smriti. This excerpt explains the third gender as such: A male child is produced by a greater quantity of male seed, a female child by the prevalence of the female; if both are equal, a third-sex child or boy and girl twins are produced; if either are weak or deficient in quantity, a failure of conception results (3.49). The third gender is also defined as not procreative according to The Vedas, a Hindu scripture. However, it is viewed negatively as the third gender is usually affiliated with low class as described in ancient text (Gyatso). Interestingly, members of the third sex are not frowned upon even though some ancient Hindu law books describe non-vaginal sex as impure. Kama Sutra, a Hindu text that describes the pleasure ofShow MoreRelatedThere Are All Kinds Of People4680 Words   |  19 Pagesgender identity/expression deserve the same rights as anyone else. The LGBTQIA acronym refers to any lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, intersex, and/or asexual person. I will be using the shortened version throughout this paper, â€Å"LGBT†, but keep in mind that this also includes queer/questioning, intersex, and asexual people. Stereotypes have always been a large part of societal perspective, stereotypes pertaining to sexuality even more so. Sexual stereotypes suggest that all somewhatRead MoreHistory of Sexuality3607 Words   |  15 PagesIn fact, he held that his work was in line with the modernity of the philosophies of Kant. In The History of Sexuality Foucault examined the role of sex and gender in power relations. This three volume series was published in 1984. In the first volume, Foucault explores the functioning of sexuality as a way to analyze the relationship between power and the science of sexuality. Foucaults History defined sexuality as the set of effects produced in bodies, behaviors, and social relations by a

Ethical Leadership Decision The Education -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Ethical Leadership Decision The Education? Answer: Introduction Each and every organization has its unique behavioral processes and characteristics. An organization develops its corporate culture by incorporating its different values and ethics. Ethical dilemma is a trait that is found in the organization and it has clear connection with moral dilemmas. In a company, ethical dilemma leads the human resources to make wrong decisions because of difficulties. Specifically, ethical issue arises when an employee has to distinguish between immoral and moral act. For an organization, it is very important to find the morality while making the decisions on the basis of significant aspects of business. There are various organizations, which have faced different ethical dilemmas. These ethical dilemmas have adverse impact on image and reputation of firm and its business processes (Braswell, McCarthy, McCarthy, 2017). The major objective of this essay is to analyze the ethical dilemma that is faced by Uber Technologies Company. This essay provides brief discussion about the Uber Company that is engaged in ethically wrong doings with its employees. It also includes some theoretical concepts of management ethics, which can be used to examine the ethical issues. Moreover, it discusses the impact of these concepts on managerial practices of Uber. At the end, it describes leadership decision making concepts, which can be considered by Uber to ensure integrity and morality of organizational decisions. Ethical Dilemma Faced by organization and Theoretical Aspects Uber Inc. is an American Organization that is offering transportation services and operating its business in more than 630 cities. Since its establishment in 2009, the organization is connecting transportation industry with the information technology through its mobile application (Elliott, 2015). According to the recent data and figures, the brand value of Uber Company is more than a taxi service provider in America and all over the world. Under its operations, the drivers run their own cars or they can take a cab on rent. Uber offers very easy, convenient and affordable rides to the people, so that can arrive to their location safely. In addition to transportation services, the organization is offering online food delivery services to its potential customers (Casadesus-Masanell, Makenzie, Didiomov, 2015). One of the unique characteristics of organization is that they offer its services through mobile application. The organization is constantly looking for different ways to renovat e its services and expand the range of vehicles. In this industry, the major competitors of the company are Lyft and Sidecar, which are also operating their business effectively. Further discussing about the ethical issue that is faced by Uber Inc., it can be noticed that there are various issues, in which this organization has involved. For example, one of the major issues is the scandal, in which Ubers top management has dismissed over 20 employees due to case of sexual harassment. In Past few years, it has been noted that the people of organization are involved in harassment doings with the colleagues (Crane, and Matten, 2016). Recently, a former Susan Fowler revealed to the media that she was assaulted sexually by a co-worker. Another ethical dilemma, which was the part of Ubers business processes and operations, is that organization adopted a contractor relationship with its drivers. The major issue is that organization is breaking the rights of its drivers by considering as them drivers, not like real employees. Due to contractor relationship, the employees were unable to access and enjoy most of their rights being employees. A case of unfair dismissal was filed against Uber Inc. by disabled drivers, who thought that these practices of company are not justified (Yoo, 2017). Uber believed it very innovative that it didnt call its drivers as employees as they are known as its drive-partners of company. Due to this, drivers feel isolated and dont have family-like relation with the organization. According to Fair Work Commission, contractor relationship should not be implemented by Ubers management because this practice is beneficial for the organization, but it neglects the rights and interests of companys employees. This is the major reason behind the ethical dilemma, faced by Uber Technologies and it is related to its employee management process. Thus, this is one of the major situations, where Uber Organization has faced the ethical dilemma (Chikweche, Fletcher, 2013). Due to this, the drivers were very disappointed and Rideshare Drivers Association of Australia filed a case against Uber on behalf of drivers. This ethical dilemma leads its drivers to lower morale and they lose their loyalty towards Uber as they are not employed on permanent basis. The firm has received several driver complaints; this indicates that other competitors have a chance to acquire the services of these drivers. This movement of other organizations will impact the brand image and revenues of Uber Inc. This above mentioned ethical dilemma positions Ubers competitors such as Lyft in a competitive position to stay in market as it improves the screening of drivers and make sure they are maintaining high ethical standards on service (Clegg, Kornberger, Pitsis, 2015). To deal and examine this ethical dilemma of Uber, different ethical theories can be used. These ethical concepts assist a company to handle this type of ethical issues. Every organization should follow these theoretical aspects of management ethics to overcome ethical dilemma (DesJardins, and McCall, 2014). Each and every person, who is connected with organization directly or indirectly, is known as stakeholder. Thus, the situation of company can be examined using stakeholder theory. According to stakeholder theory, a business or organization should focus on creating the value for its both internal and external stakeholders (Ferrell, Fraedrich, 2015). Under the term stakeholder, it includes employees, customers, suppliers, shareholders, communities etc. The idea of this theory states that the top managers of organization have the responsibility and duty to maximize the interests of its all employees in a manner, which is permitted by social and ethical values. This theory states tha t it is the social responsibility of Uber to supervise and take care of its drivers. It should investigate all the information about the drivers. The company needs to be cautious about how they can work in the interests of its drivers by considering them employees. This theory states that if the company will not take the responsibility for its drivers and society, then it may face the decline in business in long run (Harris, 2014). From this analysis, it can be stated that Uber is failed in stakeholder engagement with its drivers. Complying with this theoretical aspect, the company will be able to consider the drivers as employees and develop the strategies for effective management of drivers interests. In the case of Uber, Right Theory of Management Ethics can be used for examining the issue, because this theory can be effective in unfair treatment with its drivers. By considering another aspect of management ethics i.e. rights, it can be stated that rights are the privileges, which a person receives while employed by an organization. There are certain rights, which are given by organization, when a person works in an organization by becoming its part (Huddleston, 2014). For example, employees get the power to use their human rights as they are living in the community. These human rights are the fundamental rights, which an individual always have. Moreover, these rights assist the employees in saving themselves, while working with an organization. The rights to employees are ethical, because they assist the people to secure themselves from misleading and fraud practices. It is legal and ethical that employees can access some specific rights in a company. It assists the organization in keeping the interest of stakeholders in business processes and activities. In addition to this, it also supports the organization in developing and imposing the code of conduct and laws. According to the right theory of ethics, the people of an organization have some rights that no one can take from them (Hunt, 2014). For instance, these rights are like; right to involve, right to get information, right to speak, right to involve in decision making process etc. Moreover, it is the responsibility of a company to give these rights to its internal and external stakeholders. The stakeholder can access these rights effectively and no one can restrict them from doing so. Discussing about the chosen case in this essay Uber Inc., the news stated that this organization is developing contractor relationship with its drivers and these drivers are not on permanent employment arrangement. It has given a new name to its drivers, i.e. driving partners instead of considering them as employees. In this context, Fair Work Commission has stated that this is against fundamental rights of organizations people that they should treat their drivers equally, like they treat other front and back office staff. At Uber, the management has played a game or tactics by calling its drivers as partners in place of employees. This action of company ceased all the employee rights of drivers at Uber. They become insecure about their job, as they can be disabled by its top management any time (LeBaron, 2014). Due to companys this step, they were unable to access their employee rights while working with Uber Inc. Right theory of managerial ethics indicates that this action of compa ny is against its code of conduct and ethical procedures. Looking at the ethical rights of people, it is moral right of employees to be an integral part of company. At Uber, drivers are the important stakeholders, who assist the organization in generating revenues and profits by offering rides to customers. Thus, it is the obligation of Uber Inc. to give the rights and privileges to the human resources (Litschka, Suske, Brandtweiner, 2011). Furthermore, the company can focus on the Kantianism theory of business ethics, which focuses on treating all the people equally. In this case, Uber Inc. is treating its drivers as drive partners only, not like its employees. The drivers were not having the rights like other front line and back office employees had. This theory complies with the aspect of humanity and states that Uber is unethical as it has the drivers only for generating profits and revenues for it. These drivers at Uber are driving cabs for many hours and still they are not treated as employees (Bowie, 2017). It indicates that these drivers are only meant to perform hardly for comparatively lower wages from Uber Inc. The implementation of this theory will have a large impact on enhancing the brand image of organization. With the effect of this theory, the company will be able to treat all the employees equally. By complying with above given theories, Uber will be able to develop a positive environment and change in the business organization. Moreover, it also assists the external and internal stakeholders to gain and enjoy their fundamental rights, which they deserve as an integral part of organization. All of the above theoretical practices will influence the managerial practices of Uber Inc. If the company complies with the right theory, then it will have to give fundamental rights to its drivers (Macmillan, 2015). It will motivate the drivers on their job and engage them towards business practices. One of the major benefits of these theories will be sustainability and retention of employees. Higher motivation and stakeholder engagement will enhance the performance of drivers and they will be more loyal towards organization and its managerial practices. By understanding their duties and responsibilities towards drivers, Uber will be able to increase their morale and trust in the organizat ion and they will feel security towards their job. In the process of decision making, it is significant to include all the stakeholders and employees and take their ideas and opinions. After analyzing all the theories, it can be stated that stakeholder theory is the most significant and effective in case of Uber Inc. The company needs to understand that stakeholders are the primary assets for a company. The impact of stakeholder makes sure the sustainability of organization. The management of organization needs to become more concerned about the interests and rights of its stakeholders, including its drivers. The employees are required to be more satisfied and motivated. Specifically, the managerial ethics should be implied on the basis of satisfying the needs of customers (Mahadevan, 2015). In the case of Uber Inc., these allegations are more emphasized on unethical practices, which are not beneficial for both the organization and its employees, i.e. drivers. Thus, implementation of stakeholder theory is principally required for future development and existence of Uber Inc. The managers of company need to become more conscious about its actions towards drivers. If the actions of these managers will be justified and valued by others, it will be beneficial for the growth of Uber Inc. In addition to this, implementation of these theoretical aspects will enable the organization managing the work flow and business operations (Shapiro, Stefkovich, 2016). Role of Leadership in Ethical Decision Making It can be noted that role of leadership styles on ethical decision making is very significant. There are different types of leadership theories, which are concerned with different decision making processes. In an organization, leadership and ethical decision making process are interrelated with each other. All these components of organization assist each other in developing workflow management. Management behavior is guided by the decision making process in the organization and decision making can be applied based on leadership characteristics and qualities (Upton, Teal Felan, 2010). The effectiveness and level of decisions totally depends on the skills and qualities of leader. In an organization, a leader is an individual, who thinks more about his/her team than him/her. Leaders make the decision with responsibility and authority and they are accountable for their actions. Effective leaders not only assist the company to develop but also assist in attaining the virtue and rights. T he ethical decisions, made by leaders assist the organization in attaining its business objectives. In context of stakeholders interests, it is the responsibility of leaders to provide their duties and rights in company. They should never cease the rights of employees and these decisions should not have adverse impact on the stakeholders interests and ethical rights. These decisions should be taken on the basis of code of conduct and ethical policies; otherwise it will lead them towards employee dissatisfaction (Weiss, 2014). In the case of Uber, it can be noted that Uber Inc. has not applied the above aspects in its business processes. This is the major reason that it has confronted the issues related to employee dissatisfaction and dismissal. At Uber, the leaders and managers were unproductive to deal with the drivers as employees. Due to this, lower employee morale and dissatisfaction was developed among employees. It had an adverse impact on business environment. The organization has confronted the issue that it intentionally recruited the drivers on contractor relationship, i.e. not on permanent employment basis. So, these drivers are not getting their employee rights, being a part of organization. This decision of organization was not ethical and it was against its code of conduct and ethics, because they have ceased their fundamental rights (Burke, 2017). However, Uber is implementing this decision for attaining financial advantage and objectives. But it should not negotiate with employment rights of employees to gain their own benefits. Thus, the leaders at Uber may ensure that all the rights are given to its drivers and other employees. At Uber, the leaders and manager have taken the financial advantage by becoming an autocratic leader. They ruled the drivers by posing this decision and did not consider the issues of drivers. Due to this, Uber drivers filed a case of unfair dismissal against the firm because of unequal treatment to them. A leader should ensure that company is making ethical decisios for its employees. As a leader, it was the responsibility of management team of Uber that it should consider the problems faced by drivers and eliminate them (Yoo, 2017). They should consider their drivers as employees and provide all the related rights. In addition to this, the organization should involve all the employees and stakeholders in its decision making process. It should create a code of conduct and ethical policy, which should be complied with while making important decisions of organization. In this way, it depends on the leadership that how they comply with the theories of managerial ethics and code of conduct. About Uber, it is noted that company did not implement any policy or strategy for employee retention and sustainability. So, the leaders should consider the reasons behind employee dissatisfaction and then implement the effective procedures. The leaders at Uber need to adopt the leadership style and characteristics, which are beneficial for both the organization and its employees, including drivers. By doing this, the organization will be able to increase enhance the drivers motivation level and employee loyalty towards its services. It should not consider the drivers only as means of revenue generation, but also an integral part of organization (Burke, 2017). Conclusion From the above essay analysis, it can be noticed that Uber is engaged in various unethical practices and procedures, which affected the organizational image adversely. There are various events, where this organization was against its ethical code of conduct. One of the major issues is that company recruited its drivers on contract basis and it does not consider them as Ubers employees. They are just known as Ubers drive partners that affected the productivity and efficiency of its drivers. According to the Fair Work Commission, it is unethical and illegal not to treat the drivers like other employees of company. The essay focuses on the above mentioned ethical dilemma that is faced by Uber Inc. recently. The essay includes three theoretical concepts of management ethics, i.e. stakeholder theory, right theory and Kantianism theory. These theories can be used to examine and overcome the issue at Uber. Implementation of these theories will be beneficial for the organization to manage th e workflow effectively. By looking at the above essay, it can be noticed that leaders play an important role in the process of ethical decision making. Thus, the leaders should make efforts to improve organizational situations and develop a positive environment through ethical decision making. The management at Uber needs to give employee rights to its drivers, so that they can work with complete motivation and satisfaction. In this way, it is significant for the leaders to resolve the employee issues and adopt an effective leadership style. The leaders should make efforts to ensure that company is making ethical decisions, which are in the interest of both employees and entire organization. The ethical decision making process will fulfill the needs of external and internal stakeholders of Uber Inc. References Bowie, N. E. (2017).Business ethics: A Kantian perspective. Cambridge University Press. Braswell, M. C., McCarthy, B. R., McCarthy, B. J. (2017).Justice, crime, and ethics. Taylor Francis. Burke, W. W. (2017).operations change: Theory and practice. Sage Publications. Casadesus-Masanell, R., Makenzie,I., Didiomov, D. (2015). Uber and the Taxi Industry(pp. 1-12).Massachusetts:HarvardBusiness School.Print. Chikweche, T., Fletcher, R. (2013). Entrepreuneship and ethics under extreme conditions of poverty: Exploring the ethical realities faced by entrepreneurs. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 19(2), 47. Clegg, S. R., Kornberger, M., Pitsis, T. (2015).Managing and organizations: An introduction to theory and practice. Sage. Crane, A. and Matten, D. (2016).Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. DesJardins, J.R. and McCall, J.J. (2014).Contemporary issues in business ethics. Cengage Learning. Elliott, R. E. (2015). Sharing App or Regulation Hackney: Defining Uber Technologies, Inc.J. Corp. L.,41, 727. Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J. (2015).Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. Nelson Education. Harris, D. (2014). That time Uber almost charged me $1,099 for a Boston-to-Cambridge trip". Boston Business Journal. Huddleston, T. (2014). What you need to know about Uber's latest controversies. Fortune. Hunt, E. (2014). Uber's global expansion in five seconds. Forbes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/ellenhuet/2014/12/11/ubers-global-expansion/ (Accessed on 27 January 2018) LeBaron, G. (2014). Subcontracting Is Not Illegal, But Is It Unethical? Business Ethics, Forced Labor, and Economic Success.The Brown Journal of World Affairs,20(2), 237. Litschka, M., Suske, M., Brandtweiner, R. (2011). Decision criteria in ethical dilemma situations: Empirical examples from austrian managers. Journal of Business Ethics. Macmillan, D. (2015). The $50 Billion Question: Can Uber Deliver? Wall Street Journal. Mahadevan, B. (2015).Operations management: Theory and practice. Pearson Education India. Shapiro, J. P., Stefkovich, J. A. (2016). Ethical leadership and decision making in education: Applying theoretical perspectives to complex dilemmas. Routledge. Upton, N., Teal, E.J. Felan, J.T. (2010). Strategic and Business Planning Practices of Fast Growth Family Firms. Journal of Small Business Management. Weiss, J.W. (2014).Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Yoo, T., (2017). Uber Australia is settling unfair dismissal cases, despite insisting drivers are not employees. Retrieved from https://www.businessinsider.com.au/uber-australia-is-settling-unfair-dismissal-cases-despite-insisting-drivers-are-not-employees-2017-6#jPewXpUjXzD5yDG3.99. (Accessed on 27 January 2018)

Two Historical Art Periods

Introduction Art works differ significantly across different fields and time periods. Some art works appear to have stemmed from the minds of individuals or from social and ethnic influences. Others have been influenced by the designs and features of earlier periods. These are frequently a continuation of or response to artistic designs (Stokstad, 2008). This essay will evaluate and identify where art originality and stimulation originated. It will discuss classical and renaissance historical art periodsAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Two Historical Art Periods specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Discussion Classical Art Period Classical art started at around 500 B.C to 323 B.C in the course of the rise of the Greek Kingdom. The social condition, which contributed to the advent of this style, is that the Greeks during this time honored the human figure via sculpture in extremely naturalistic detail. After the Roman s defeated the Greeks, they still considered Greek culture and sculpture as exclusive. They, therefore, brought into their country thousands of inventive Greek art works and duplicated them in large numbers. This historical art period saw alteration in the design and function of statues. Sculptures became more naturalistic and the mechanical talent of Greek sculptors in portraying the human form in different poses substantially improved. Sculptures began to portray actual people. It is during this period that the names of personal sculptors became known. The art of this classical period naturally appears to be official and restrained (Bohr, 2010). During this period, the human structure started being portrayed in movement of postures, especially in athletic movement. It was also the start of the Greek bodily ideal. The male body was represented as robust and fit whose physique was twisted out of a marble. Women were frequently naked on top and covered on the bottom or totally expose d. They had smooth abdomens, busted hips and legs and small sized breasts. One of the key features of this historical period is the controposto posture of the sculptures. The sculptures had an S-curve with one leg being ahead of the other and carrying the body’s weight. Artists during the classical period treasured balance, and synchronization. The figures were frequently more ideal than in actual life. Bodies of the sculptures looked lively, and movement was believable. Faces expressed no emotions and clothing was not used. There was no significance of perception (Onians, 1999). The sculptures of Harmodius and Aristogeiton are an example of artwork done during this period. It was put up in Athens to denote the defeat of the tyranny. It was the earliest public headstone to the actual people. It is also during this art period that sculptures were put to use. The reason as to why artists deviated from the classical period is that works of this period subsisted only in portions (Bohr, 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Renaissance Art Period This is a historical art period in western history during which art was revitalized. The shift from the classical period to the Renaissance period took place during the 4th century BC. The social condition, which contributed to the advent of this renaissance style, is the increase in territorial tussle taking place all through Europe. Living people subsequently had enough to do. They had to comprehend how to live in the good mercies of their rulers. With the large exclusion of the Catholic Church, then the people had to dedicate themselves to the comfort of art. Another social condition that led to the advent of this style is the fact that, in the course of the 15th and 16th century, businesses prospered in Italy and people obtained wealth. These wealth families began supporting the artists. The new monetary support and li berty led to a radical change in the behavior and beliefs of the artists. They, therefore, out rightly discarded classical art emphasis on religious convictions hence starting an insurrection in the art field (Boyle, 2001). Renaissance artists wanted art that illustrated joy in human attractiveness and life’s happiness. It was more life like compared to the classical art. Renaissance artists examined perceptions or the distinctions in the way things appear when near or far way. They painted in a manner that demonstrated these differences. Consequently, their paintings appeared to have some depth (Elkins Williams, 2008). In the renaissance, the artists portrayed religious and non-religious views and the sculpture manifested considerable concern in the nature. The statues were three-dimensional indicating an increasing skill of anatomy. The bodies appeared active and were depicted as moving. The sculptures were either naked or clothed and their faces articulated people’ s thoughts. There was use of colors. The paintings were stable and symmetrical. The work of art during this period is a sculpture by Leonardo DA Vinci. He made a sculpture clearly illustrating the diverse feelings of Jesus and his disciples (Elkins Williams, 2008). Relationship between Classical and renaissance art periods The relationship between these two historical periods is that both portray the human structure in movement, and the bodies of the sculptures in the two periods look lively (Onians, 1999).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Two Historical Art Periods specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Differences between Renaissance and Classical Art Periods In Renaissance art, sculpture emotions were portrayed liberally while Classical art made minimal or no use of emotions. Humans in renaissance art were extremely natural and lively. They had rational expressions distinct from those depicted in classical art. In the classical period, art was uncomplicated and mono dimensional. Renaissance paintings were complex and had more meaning due to the use of linear perceptions. During the classical period, works of art had religious ideas while, in renaissance, religion was declined (Stokstad, 2008). Historical significance of Renaissance Renaissance art period has had a fantastic significance on the art world. Today artists of modern art use the available Renaissance information to develop their art (Boyle, 2001). References Bohr, L. R. (2010) Classical art. New York: Watson-Guptill Publishers. Boyle, D. (2001). Renaissance Art: A Crash Course. Dubuque: Brown Company Publishers. Elkins, J., Williams, R. (2008). Renaissance theory. Manchester: Manchester University Press. Onians, J. (1999). Classical art and the cultures of Greece and Rome. New Haven: Yale University Press.Advertising Looking for essay on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Stokstad, M. (2008). Art history. New Jersey: Pearson Education Publishers. This essay on Two Historical Art Periods was written and submitted by user Isabela Albert to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free sample - Saboteur. translation missing

Saboteur. SaboteurAt first glance, Mr. Chiu's revenge was neither justified nor proportionate.   Mr. Chiu had no moral right to infect innocent people with hepatitis. Besides, he indirectly killed six people including two children. The non proportionality of his revenge was illustrated by the number of infected people. Thus, on the one side we see two men who were tortured but still were alive and could continue to live. On the other side there are two actually innocent children and eight hundred infected who suffered for the crimes of the local police. In addition, it is not obvious that those policemen that had maltreated Mr. Chiu and Fenjin were affected by infection and became the victims of Mr. Chiu's revenge. The cruelty of his actions is non human. Perhaps, it is explained by the fact that Mr. Chiu's colleagues â€Å"joked about his flesh, which they said must have tasted nonhuman to flea† (Jin). Consequently, we may see that his revenge was blind and caused not by the wish to conduct justice but by his inability to resist local police as actually all facts were fabricated against him and he had no chance of successful outcome in case of court claim. Nevertheless, could Mr. Chiu be really affected by such primitive emotions? He continued to think about his paper on the nature of contradictions even being in the prison so his mind was clear all the time. Besides, he was â€Å"an expert in dialectical materialism† so he could easily find all pros and contras of his actions and those arguments must have been rather sophisticated. Can we find any justification for his actions? Actually, there is at least one possible. Local police based its charges on the evidences of people who crowded around Mr. Chiu at the moment of his quarrel with two policemen. Each of those witnesses was a liar and they made Mr. Chiu and his friend suffer and threatened his life. From this point of view not only policemen were criminals but also other simple people were so. Their criminality reflected not only in the false evidences but also in their inability to resist local police and to set fair authorities. Policemen were not an alien element of that society as they originated from it and actually were a part of the society and the monster created by that weak-hearted society. Hence, Mr. Chiu's revenge was justified as he punished the same society which had indirectly led to his sufferings. Was it right to kill those two children? As for me, neither wish for justice may be justified by the child's tears but we shall try to look at it from China's cultural perspective. The history of China is full of examples when not only the family of delinquent official but also the families of his relatives were executed. Thus, the idea was that children were responsible for the crimes of their parents. The reason of such cruelty was not only the wish to exclude the possibility of relatives' revenge but also to eliminate those social factors that led to offense. In case of Mr. Chiu such social factor was an absence of will and conformism of the locals who had not resisted the police but upheld its actions. Hence, Mr. Chiu had revenged in the spirit of Chinese traditions and it may be justified and may be found to be proportionate in the light of that society's ideas but not the society recognizing the importance of human rights. Nevertheless, even in such case, Mr. Chiu's actions lac ked a very important element. It may be presumed that revenge is a sort of justice. Both Utilitarian and Natural Law theories of justice indicate that there shall be a connection between the crime and the punishment. Natural law theory says that offender shall understand that he or she is punished for the specific crime he or she committed and Utilitarian theory claims that punishment shall influence the offender and other people in the way to preclude repetition of the crime (West). Were any of such motives present in Mr. Chiu's actions? None. Affected people could not know the reason of the disease, they didn't understand that it was a punishment for their conformism and consequently did not change their behavior. Hence, Mr. Chiu's revenge may not be justified from any point of view and I consider it to be a blind cruel revenge caused by his powerlessness.

How to Write Interview Questions

How to Write Interview Questions The truth is that there is no single recipe for effective interviewing, no single format for all situations and tasks, no one right way of wording questions. However, there are some useful guidelines that should be considered. To prepare well-crafted questions, you need to understand the goal of the interview and what you need to know from the person youre interviewing. With this information in mind, it will be easier to create unique questions for your particular situation. Below youll find some great strategies and tips for coping with the assignment successfully. Start with a â€Å"Softball Question† Why is the first question so important? It should make the interviewee open, relaxed and eager to share the information youre interested in. A â€Å"softball question† will create the right atmosphere and make the interview flow naturally. This question has to be very simple and uncontroversial, not challenging at all. It shouldnt require a lot of thought or risk to answer it. Thats why start your interview with this simple question to set the right tone for your conversation. Ask Open-Ended Questions To receive as much information as possible, you have to avoid â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no† questions. Instead, always use open-ended questions. They will help you find out all you need for your story. Remember that your purpose is to create a dialogue, so its important to write the questions that require a full, not obvious answer. Proceed with a Reflection Question To learn how your interviewee thinks, you need to write reflection questions. This type of questions will make a person recollect and share some information or story with you. You can ask anything that will make a person look back: a career path, some important events, difficult life moments, etc. A reflection question is a great way to keep the conversation going. Ask Questions that Cause Emotional Response You need to write a few questions that cause the emotional response. Consider what can make your interviewee feel excited or annoyed. The emotional response shouldnt be only positive, thats why you can ask tricky questions. Start your questions with â€Å"why† and â€Å"how† to receive a full answer. For instance, you may ask something like â€Å"Why did you decide to start writing that book if the previous one didnt sell well?† Include a Curve Ball Question Now you have to look at the questions youve written. If there are too many similar ones, consider adding a curve ball. This question can be a fun and interesting adding to the general story. Ask something unrelated to the whole conversion to spice it with interesting information. Paraphrase Your Questions When youve finished writing all the questions, look them over and decide which ones should be paraphrased. Make sure that your questions are clear and understandable. If you feel that some of them become irrelevant, consider to replace them with the more suitable questions. Throughout all phases of writing, keep centered on the purpose of your interview. It will help you come up with the right questions. You may need to do a research on the person you are going to interview to gather all the information before writing questions. Knowing the persons goals, personality, achievements and failures will help you write really good questions. Remember that there is no one right way of interviewing, thats why try to write interesting questions for your appropriate situation and create a pleasant and engaging dialogue with your interviewee.

American Dream Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

American Dream - Essay Example Although there had been growing aspirations, which are considered the basis of American dream, the term American dream was first used in 1931 by James Truslow. Although many American still contemplate of the American dream, the dream is different for everyone. The dreams of the Americans are very divergent and some are not even associated with the initial American dream. The American dream was meant to provide success, happiness, and freedom for all. The above would result from availability of equal opportunities for all Americans to achieve their goals based on their ability but not diversity. However, some have not achieved any of this. Initially, most Americans interpreted the American dream as the ability to possess excessive wealth in terms of motorcar and extraordinary wages. In 1963, Martin Luther King Jnr, gave his opinion regarding the American dream. In his dream, Luther envisioned an America that was free from any form of discrimination. In Luther’s opinion, achievement of American dream would come about when the descendants of slaves would be able to live together with the posterities of the slave masters. In Luther’s opinion, American dream was a concept in which justice will reign over racism and oppression. Equal opportunity meant a justice system where people will be judged by their character and not their skin color or nationality. In this concept, the American dream is far from being achieved. Years after the launching of the American groups, several individuals are still struggling as they attempt to convince the American authorities that they are Americans. Although some aspects of the American dream have been achieved, much of the dream is long dead. In other worlds, some aspects of the dream are still a dream that has not been achieved. The American dream is only alive in the minds of people. For people like Sami Al-Arian, who suffer because of their ethnic identity, the American dream is dead. The American dream was supposed to bring justice to all. However, people Like Sami Al-Arian, face charges for crimes they did not commit because of their religious beliefs and country of origin. The American dream envisioned an America where all people were free to enjoy their freedom irrespective of their nationalities. However, people from certain regions of the world or certain religious beliefs are treated with impartiality. They have to keep attesting that they are not terrorists (Al-Arian, 2012) The dream of an America with racial equality is no longer living. Impartiality towards minority groups remains high. The opportunities to share i n the American

Economic Development of Kenya and Singapore Case Study

Economic Development of Kenya and Singapore - Case Study Example Chapter one examines Kenya's shortcomings in its bid for development and economic growth while chapter two analyses what earmarks Singapore's success. It is said that time and chance is the same for all men. It is then left up to man what he does with the opportunities that are presented him and the time allocated him. Even nations have to adhere to this. Fifty years ago, both Kenya and Singapore were newly established sovereign states, both having gained independence from their colonizer - Britain. Both young nations faced the same problems: new economies unrecognized in the world market, poverty and illiteracy, poor infrastructure and the foreign concept of self governance (Findlay, Wellitsz & World Bank, 1993) . The colonial masters who had never had any real interest in improving the state of the native, had left gaping holes in several sectors when they left their colonies, the political, social and economic structures wee weak, having been cut out to suit the needs of the masters, not the natives (Findlay, Wellitsz & World Bank, 1993). These young nations were thus called upon to formulate their own policies, governments and social structures. What is intriguing is that while they were both faced with the same dilemma, with almost equal opportunities, one country built itself up successfully while the other did not. Leading to the question, what made Singapore -which is now, termed an industrializing nation - work, that Kenya -still labeled as a developing country- did not do The statistics that are available for the measures in development are the clearest indication of just how far apart these two nations are in terms of economic growth. According to the data provided by the World Bank, in 2007, Singapore had a GDP of 161.3 billion US$ and a GNI per capita of 32,470 US$ while the GDP for Kenya in the same year was 29.5 billion US$ and the GNI per capita was 680US$. The life expectancy at the time of birth for the two countries was recorded to be 80years and 53years respectively (WB, 2009). It could not be any more apparent that Kenya and Singapore are now on two very different spectrums. Tracing Kenya's economic growth and her development from the time of independence It is interesting to observe that Kenya's economic growth in the first two decades after independence was quick and steady but took a downward destabilized turn after that. This stands out so clearly that as Legovini (2002) points out, her economic history can be classified under two time periods: the first running from 1963 at the time of independence through to the early 1980s, and the second from the early eighties to the present day. The major difference between the two defined time periods is that while the first was one of prosperity, with notable advancements made in both the economic and social sectors, Legovini explains that the second time period was one where the country experienced growing imbalances in the macro economy, a falling life expectancy, increased poverty and the degradation of the social welfare system. Legovini surmises that what brought about these negative trends were a combination of poor policy formation as well as the focus that was put on politics instead of on

E-Business and Intellectual Property Essay Example for Free

E-Business and Intellectual Property Essay In today’s internet based society, deciding to start your own business requires much more than identifying a product you wish to produce or sell. Even when you have selected physical location to setup as your business, your job is not done. For a company to be successful it must be able to reach as many potential customers as possible. The internet is the perfect resource to promote your company and the products you wish to sell. Selecting a name for your business may not always be as easy as it seems. Trademarks and Trade Names play a big part in making your company and its product know to endless number of potential customers. LEGAL ISSUE Logos and trade names are methods of intellectual property used for actual physical businesses, and their use in the computer-generated e-business realm is normally administered by the similar principles and regulations as their use in modern industry (Burke 2002). If your products available to the public at an international level which is often the case when you market thru the internet, there is possibility that by marketing merchandise or proposing your amenities to patrons outside of your home nation your brands might encroach upon brands and service marks used by a homegrown rival in overseas countries. You could discover yourself confronting a litigation in an overseas dominion. If you need to thwart your challengers from using a alike realm name to that of your online company, choose one that is not a typical or graphic word for your merchandises or industry. MANAGERIAL PERSPECTIVE Record all obtainable similarities of that primary realm designation in order to thwart others from cataloging alike domain names, particularly if you  have chosen a general or graphic term for your domain name. Submit requests to catalogue your important logos in those nations from which you anticipate to lure fresh clients for your industry (Burke 2002). If you have previously registers your physical location trademark in the primary country you do business in, you may not be obligated to chronicle a domain name that is created on an previously listed logo or service mark. Reference Burke, M. C. (January 2002). Intellectual Property in the World of E-Business. Retrieved from http://www.mwe.com/publication/uniEntity.aspx

Censorship in the Music Industry Essay -- Censorship Essays

Censorship in the Music Industry Censorship in the music industry can be divided into two categories involving new music technology and music products. In the United States, the issue of censorship doesn’t necessarily concern music products but rather new music technology. The music industry has become increasingly concerned with the online peer-to-peer services like Kazaa and Morpheus using the MP3 format or motion pictures expert group which allows users to download music free and fast (Cloonan, 2003). In almost every other part of the world, music is censored someway or another usually by a country’s government, religious leaders, or individual broadcasters who are financed by their government (Cloonan, 2003). For example, the Middle East and North Africa region had the highest number of censorship incidents with 54 reports from 1980-1999 (Cloonan, 2003). The highest rated country was Turkey with 23 reports followed by the United States with 18 from 1980-1999 (Cloonan, 2003). During this period of time, the Turkish government succeeded at suppressing the language and culture of the Kurdish people involving the forbidden sale of cassettes by a Kurdish artist named Yzan Cugdis for being â€Å"against law and order† and the arrest of Ahmet Kaya for causing â€Å"political incidents† during one of his performances (Cloonan, 2003). In some countries, being fans of certain types of music can be reason for arrest or enforcement of a state ban. In 1996, Iran officials arrested 28 teenagers for possessing â€Å"obscene†CDs and cassettes and in 1988, two men of Albanian ethnic origin were arrested by Serbian police for possessing cassettes of Albanian music (Cloonan, 2003). Certain countries have even taken the step to completely... ...s or sexual content. Music censorship is still a heavily debated topic around the world. I believe in the areas of the world where censorship does take place, censorship isn’t enforced to protect citizens from the dangers of influential music but rather to maintain political control in these countries and also psychological control of its citizens. Is censorship really necessary? Do government authorities and religious leaders need to have this responsibility to censor music with supposedly good intent? And if so, what is the real purpose for censorship? Book: Cloonan, M and Reebee G, Ed; (2003). Policing Pop. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. Online/Web Site: Index Online (2003). Report: Morocco: Judge jails Moroccan heavy metal fans. March 7. Available online: http://www.indexonline.org/indexindex/20030307_morocco.html (accessed March 7, 2003) Censorship in the Music Industry Essay -- Censorship Essays Censorship in the Music Industry Censorship in the music industry can be divided into two categories involving new music technology and music products. In the United States, the issue of censorship doesn’t necessarily concern music products but rather new music technology. The music industry has become increasingly concerned with the online peer-to-peer services like Kazaa and Morpheus using the MP3 format or motion pictures expert group which allows users to download music free and fast (Cloonan, 2003). In almost every other part of the world, music is censored someway or another usually by a country’s government, religious leaders, or individual broadcasters who are financed by their government (Cloonan, 2003). For example, the Middle East and North Africa region had the highest number of censorship incidents with 54 reports from 1980-1999 (Cloonan, 2003). The highest rated country was Turkey with 23 reports followed by the United States with 18 from 1980-1999 (Cloonan, 2003). During this period of time, the Turkish government succeeded at suppressing the language and culture of the Kurdish people involving the forbidden sale of cassettes by a Kurdish artist named Yzan Cugdis for being â€Å"against law and order† and the arrest of Ahmet Kaya for causing â€Å"political incidents† during one of his performances (Cloonan, 2003). In some countries, being fans of certain types of music can be reason for arrest or enforcement of a state ban. In 1996, Iran officials arrested 28 teenagers for possessing â€Å"obscene†CDs and cassettes and in 1988, two men of Albanian ethnic origin were arrested by Serbian police for possessing cassettes of Albanian music (Cloonan, 2003). Certain countries have even taken the step to completely... ...s or sexual content. Music censorship is still a heavily debated topic around the world. I believe in the areas of the world where censorship does take place, censorship isn’t enforced to protect citizens from the dangers of influential music but rather to maintain political control in these countries and also psychological control of its citizens. Is censorship really necessary? Do government authorities and religious leaders need to have this responsibility to censor music with supposedly good intent? And if so, what is the real purpose for censorship? Book: Cloonan, M and Reebee G, Ed; (2003). Policing Pop. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. Online/Web Site: Index Online (2003). Report: Morocco: Judge jails Moroccan heavy metal fans. March 7. Available online: http://www.indexonline.org/indexindex/20030307_morocco.html (accessed March 7, 2003)

Qualitative Research Critique Essay

Hi, my name is Cindy Walters. I am presenting a qualitative research critique on a study conducted in 2011 on people with bipolar disorder with comorbid substance use. The study is entitled â€Å"The lived experience of adults with bipolar disorder and comorbid substance use disorder† written by Terry Ward, MSN, PhD, RN. Bipolar disorder involves changes in cognition, behavior, and mood. The episodes of bipolar disorder cycle through mania and depression. Mania is described as an elevated, irritable, or expansive mood, whereas depression is the opposite or hypomania. In the manic phase people present as euphoric, enthusiastic, and optimistic with an infectious personality. The euphoric state may suddenly may be replaced by extreme irritability if the persons needs are not met. In a manic phase the person’s speech may be rapid, loud, intrusive, and hard to follow or interrupt. If someone tries to interrupt a manic person he or she can just as quickly become, threatening, irritable or assaultive (Ebert, Loosen, Nurcombe & Leckman, 2008). Substance abuse is the excess use of drugs such as alcohol, illicit drugs, and prescription medications. The number of people abusing drugs and alcohol is about 3.4 million. Those individuals abusing have a greater change of acquiring a mental disorder at a rate of 2.7 times more likely than a non-abuser, according to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health individuals with a psychiatric diagnosis such as bipolar disorder have 28.8% chance of substance abuse or use of drugs. Individuals using drugs with a mental disorder, within a year are diagnosed as dependent on them (Ebert, Loosen, Nurcombe & Leckman, 2008). If bipolar disorder and substance use disorder are combined, they have a devastating effect with negative outcomes for those individuals. Understanding the problem with the ability to manage bipolar disorder with the proper treatment, health care providers can improve patient outcomes and his or her outlook on life. The problem is clearly stated in the abstract and first p aragraph of the study. Several statistics of drug use are quoted to give the reader an estimate and prevalence of this addiction with an unknown cause. The author addressed four hypotheses to explain this phenomenon. The negative outcomes in the use of substances and bipolar disorder affect a person mentally, physically, and functionally. The author stated the prevalence was high and does not receive enough attention in research studies. With increased knowledge, health care providers will be able to introduce new avenues for research, education, and nursing practice. The purpose of the study is to see how the individuals perceive their day- to- day experience of living with the disorders. A study done by Cassidy et al. (2001) addressed supporting and maintaining the patient’s stability and quality of life with effective treatment. Other studies focused on pharmacotherapy, psychosocial factors, and interventions as areas of research. Little research has been done on the phenomena. The researcher provided the broad platform for a qualitative study for individuals to share and speak freely of their experience with the hope the patients will be heard, get support, and have better outcomes. The method of this study was a descriptive and phenomenological design. â€Å"Phenomenology accepts that the truth can be revealed through the words of those that live the experience and that those words can describe the essence of that lived experience† (Thomas & Pollio, 2002, pg. 184). â€Å"Descriptive phenomenology has its emphasis on describing universal essences through direct interaction between the researcher and the objects of study† (Wojnar & Swanson, 2007, pg. 22). Conclusions could be drawn from the researcher of the subject experiences. The method adequately addressed the topic and gave credence to the subject experiences of living with a dual diagnosis. The design was consistent with qualitative studies and proved to be as descriptive and truthful as the researcher intended. Sampling was obtained over a four month period with the use of fliers. Fliers contained inclusion criteria and were validated by expert researchers for content, reliability, and readability. Also in the fliers contents were the researcher contact information, risks, and benefits of the study. Mental health care centers were the origin for the distribution of the fliers for subjects of the study. Snowballing and referrals came from doctor’s offices and recovery centers for abuse that were also included in the distribution of flier for subjects. The credibility came from phone calls made by potential subjects calling the researcher and were given reiterated instructions of the explanation for the study, inclusion criteria, exclusion criteria, risks, and benefits. The sample consisted of 12 stable subjects not using drugs with a self-reported bipolar disorders, and not currently manic or depressed. The demographics pulled out male, female, mean age, and nationality. The description of the inclusion criteria showed the participants inferred for the s ample were familiar and knowledgeable about the subject. The participants were chosen for the purpose of describing their experience of living with the dual diagnosis for this study. The criteria and descriptions were consistent for qualitative study. The sample size was small and consisted of only one male. Although facts indicate that more females have a dual diagnosis of bipolar disorder with substance use disorder (Ebert, Loosen, Nurcombe & Leckman, 2008). Data collection began with IRB approval and a written and verbal informed consent. Written consent was obtained for audiotaping of interviews with the understanding that at any time should the participant chose, the recorder could be turned off or the interview stopped. During emotional times of the participants they were asked by the researcher if they wanted the tape turned off or wish to stop the interview. Probe questions were used by the researcher to get the participant to expand on their explanations and thoughts. Wards probe questions were â€Å"describe for me a typical day that would help me understand what your life is like† or â€Å"how did you feel when you were told you had both bipolar disorder and a substance use disorder?† seemed to prompt the participant to speak (pg. 21). During the questions the researcher jotted notes on the mood, emotion, and expression of the participant the audio would not capture. Participants also shared concerns of ridicule, health problems that complicated their lives, and the lack of acceptance from society. There was no saturation of the data described. The strategy used by the researcher obtained the information she needed for the study. There were two interviews conducted the first was a face –to-face and the second was a follow up phone interview for clarity of the findings. The data collection was obtained in a qualita tive and purposeful manner, although the researcher never stated where the interview was conducted. There was no model or framework for validation of the study except for the data interpretation of the data analysis. Data analysis was studied over and over until the themes of the participants were identified by the researcher. Analytical coding was used to describe meaning to experiences lived by the participant. When a person reflects on their experience it becomes important to the process of understanding the phenomena. Qualitative methodology was proved with peer debriefing of the analysis and techniques used in this study. Audit trails comprised the data for the participants to view and verify that the disclosed information in his or her interview was captured as they intended that proved the validity and reliability of the research. Ward (pg. 22) found six themes that defined experiences of the participants. The six themes were life is hard, feeling the effect, trying to escape, spiritual support, being pushed beyond the limits, and a negative connotation. The participants res ponses were elaborated on in each theme giving the reader the implications of the perceptions of the participants. Each theme was explained and defined for easier reading and understanding. Themes indicated criminal actions, loss of jobs, homelessness, and losing the respect of others. Scientific rigor was not mentioned it could have been a useful tool. The participants lived and survived the experience they felt described as a sense of stigma, negative reactions from others, a sense of worthlessness, and a spiritual support that would help he or she feel as if there was someone they could talk to and as well as someone who would listen. The descriptions of the themes provided by the researcher gave one a visual of the feelings and emotions that a person with bipolar disorder with substance use disorder are trying to overcome on a day- to -day basis. The findings were concurrent with the way the participant felt about losing his or her ability to function in society. The diagnosis of bipolar disorder with substance use disorder kept challenges of coping and becoming productive in society at bay. Overcoming these obstacles proved to be a constant challenge. Without acceptance and forgiveness from society the need to overcome became more challenging and nonexistent. The participants had big dreams that were diminished by the disorders of bipolar and substance use creating havoc in their daily lives that he or she could not cope with. Health care workers can apply specific plans of care for mental health patients with individualized care plans on medication use and symptom management. Alternative plans can help patients find other ways of dealing with everyday problems than using drugs. Patients need education on medication compliance and screening for suicidal ideation. Concepts found in the themes of the study help organize the descriptions of the participants to reduce risk levels and incidence of harm. The type of data used is appropriate for a qualitative method of study. The conclusion of the study revealed and suggested being heard by others affected the participant’s feelings of self- worth and the need for help and support . Sharing with the reader the researcher makes society aware of the need for the voices of the participants to be heard. The individuals want to be heard, forgiven, and accepted by society. Increasing the awareness of mental health with nurses and the awareness of a higher power was a major accomplishment of this study. Indications for further research studies could provide healthcare workers with the tools needed to disrupt the stigma of mental illness and recognize when patients need help. Had the researcher given the benefits of this study to improving the effects of mental illness and the way society perceives it would have more benefit to the reader. This study was a good example of a qualitative study. Future studies require answers to more questions and a better and knowledgeable understanding of mental illness and substance use.

Across Five Aprils

In the book Across Five Aprils, by Irene Hunt, is set in the 1800’s during the civil war between the Union, the northern parts of America, and the confederation, the southern parts of America. The story sets off on a farm in southern Illinois, where Jethro and his mother, Ellen Creighton, live with his 8 siblings. As the war escalates, Jethro’s older brothers and his teacher go to help the war effort. Most of his brothers join the Union but Bill, his favorite brother, goes to join the Confederation. As the story progresses each of the brothers send mails to the family describing how to warfront is doing, which was contrary to how the newspapers described the warfront. After every victory and every loss, the public opinion about the war and the Generals change from the slightest bit of news they hear. In the early stages of the war, Ulysses S. Grant early victories for the Union at Fort Henry and Fort Donelson. The family celebrates the victory, knowing nothing of how terrible the battles truly were. After General Grant’s victories, people start to doubt and compare General McClellan, who was once featured in the newspaper in the north as being a â€Å"Brilliant† General. Later on in the war, the Union forces suffer great losses and General Grant is harshly criticized by the press, who is later praised by the press and the people after the Battle of Gettysburg. This shows how easily influenced people are. They harshly criticize or overly glorify after every battle and change their opinions about the Generals. Jethro shows his distrust to the press and other people’s opinions when he is asked if he is going against General Grant. He replies by saying â€Å"No, I ain’t. Things went against him-â€Å"(Ch6 pg. 100). As the war is raging throughout the land, Jethros family receives letters from his brothers. In those letters they describe the terrors of war but try to moderate how much they put in the letter to not make the family worry. Jethro watches as people are overjoyed by the victories and angry about losses. Jethro realizes that there is great contrast between the victories described by his brothers and the victories described in the newspapers. At the near end of the war, Jethro watches as the same people who criticized grant and the Union, cheer and say that â€Å"I told you so – old Unconditional Surrender Grant is the man who will win the war. †(Ch10 pg. 168). This demonstrates how easily people are swayed and how easily they are able change their opinions.

Animal Farm Book Project essays

Animal Farm Book Project essays The novel Animal Farm was written in 1945 by author George Orwell. George Orwell was the pseudonym of Eric Arthur Blair, a British writer born in Motihari, India in 1903. After serving in the Indian Imperial Police force, Orwell wrote Down and Out in Paris and London, an account of the conditions faced by the poor in France and England. Next, in 1936, he fought in the Spanish Civil War, which was his source of inspiration for Homage to Catalonia. After his days in service, he devoted his efforts to speaking out against the domination of one man over another. This is shown in books such as Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four. Animal Farm takes place in England, on Manor Farm (later renamed Animal Farm) in Willingdon. It incorporates all seasons of the year, as it takes place over the course of many years, tracing the lives of all the animals. The point of view in the novel is third person, omniscient. Animal Farm is an allegory of the Russian Revolution and the course of communism in Russia and the USSR. The many characters in the book symbolize either one person or a group of people. The pigs represent the communist government and are the ones that become corrupt. More specifically, Old Major is Karl Marx, the father of communism, Snowball is Vladimir Lenin and Napoleon is Joseph Stalin. The dogs that Napoleon uses as his personal guards symbolize the KGB, the Soviet police force. Most of the other characters like Boxer, Clover, the chickens, Benjamin and others represent the working class that is gradually taken advantage of more and more throughout the story. Mr. Jones represents the last Russian Czar, Nicholas II, who is overthrown in the Russian Revolution, his men represent the Red Army and Mollie represents the sympathizers of the old government in the USSR. George Orwell sets up the novel by introducing the prize...

Andes - The Worlds Longest Mountain Chain

Andes - The World's Longest Mountain Chain The Andes are a chain of mountains that extends 4,300 miles along the west coast of South America and bisects seven countries- Venezuela, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. The Andes are the longest chain of mountains in the world and include many of the highest peaks in the Western Hemisphere. Although the Andes is a long mountain chain, they are also narrow. Along their length, the east-to-west breadth of the Andes varies between about 120 and 430 miles wide. The climate throughout the Andes is highly variable and depends on latitude, altitude, topography, precipitation patterns, and proximity to the ocean. The Andes are divided into three regions- the northern Andes, the central Andes, and the southern Andes. Within each region, there is much variation in climate and habitats. The northern Andes of Venezuela and Colombia are warm and wet and include habitats such as tropical forests and cloud forests. The central Andes- which extend through Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia- experience more seasonal variation than the northern Andes and habitats in this region fluctuate between a dry season and a wet season. The southern Andes of Chile and Argentina are divided into two distinct zones- the Dry Andes and the Wet Andes. There are about 3,700 species of animals that live in the Andes including 600 species of mammals, 1,700 species of birds, 600 species of reptiles, and 400 species of fishes, and more than 200 species of amphibians. Key Characteristics The following are the key characteristics of the Andes: longest mountain chain in the worldincludes the Atacama desert, the driest desert in the worldincludes the Andean Plateau, the second-highest plateau in the worldlocated on the Pacific Ring of Fireincludes of the highest active volcano in the world, Ojos del Salado, which lies on the border of Argentina and Chilesupports a number of rare and endangered species including short-tailed chinchillas, Andean flamingos, Andean condors, spectacled bears, Junin rails, and Titicaca water frogs Animals of the Andes Some of the animals that inhabit the Andes include: Alapca (Vicugna pacos) - The alpaca is a domesticated species of even-toed hoofed mammal that belongs to the camel family. Alpacas are native to South American. They are kept in herds in the high altitude plateaus in Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, and northern Chile. Alpacas are grazers that feed on hay and grasses.Andean condor (Vultur gryphus) - The Andean condor is found throughout the Andes, although it is far less common in the mountain ranges of Venezuela and Columbia. Andean Condors inhabit grasslands and alpine habitats up to 16,000 feet. It prefers open habitats where it can locate carrion as it soars above.Short-tailed chinchilla (Chinchilla chinchilla) - The short-tailed chinchilla is one of just two species of chinchillas alive today, the other being the long-tailed chinchilla. Short-tailed chinchillas are an endangered species of rodent that once inhabited areas of the central and southern Andes. The species was heavily exploited for its fur and as a result their numbers declin ed drastically. Short-tailed chinchillas are currently classified as critically endangered on the IUCN RedList. Andean mountain cat (Leopardus jacobita) - The Andean mountain cat is a small cat that inhabits high montane regions of the central Andes. The Andean mountain cat is rare, with less than 2,500 individuals remaining in the wild.Titicaca water frog (Telmatobius culeus) - The Titicaca water frog is a critically endangered frog that is endemic to Lake Titicaca. Titicaca water frogs were once common but have declined due to hunting, pollution, and predation  by trout that have been introduced to the lake.Andean goose (Chloephaga melanoptera) - The Andean goose is a large sheldgoose with black and white plumage, a pink bill, and orange legs and feet. The Andean goose inhabits elevations of the Andes above 9,800 feet in Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile.Spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus) - The spectacled bear is South Americas only native species of bear. It inhabits forested areas of the Andes mountain range including Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Peru. Spectacled bears have black fur, keen eyesight, and distinctive golden-colored rings of fur framing their eyes.

Scriabin write about his aesthetic and style for vers la flamme and Term Paper

Scriabin write about his aesthetic and style for vers la flamme and poem of fire - Term Paper Example Although he had small hands, Scriabin became a recognized pianist; he was so fascinated with piano and even ended up damaging his hands at one point because of practicing pieces, which were meant for greater hand spans than his. Scriabin was interested in both Nietzsche's ubermensch theory and theosophy and this played a great part not only in his musical thoughts but also in his music. He also gained interest in Delville's Theosophist movement when he lived in Brussels between 1909 and 1910. Scriabin is believed to be â€Å"the one great pioneer of the new music of a reborn Western civilization, the father of the future musician," (Garzia 277). Alexander Scriabin wrote his poem, Vers la flame (piece 71), towards the end of his life. The piece has very simple melody mainly made up of descending half steps. However an intense, fiery luminance is achieved by the use of remarkable harmonies and complex tremolos. For this reason the piece is considered a poem and not a sonata (Tatarkiew icz 13). Although the piece was meant to be Scriabin’s eleventh sonata, he was forced to publish it much earlier due to financial reasons. Impression when Performed with Accompaniments Scriabin’s compositions in "Vers La Flamme", like his other works, tend to be very unique owing to the artist’s special attention to accompaniments and instruments in the course of his composition. Many of the occasions, symphonists often reflect special emphasis and attention on the symphonic bit of the music as compared to the instrument, in order that it is not dominated by the instrument. On the other hand, Scriabin’s â€Å"Vers La Flamme" and "Poem of Fire† are largely influenced by the composer’s fascination with piano, reflecting more of his piano thinking and still leave a good sense of balance between the instrument and the symphony. According to Leonid Sabaneev (32), Scriabin had designed the symphonies such that they turned out to be so clear and im pressive when performed on the piano. He states: â€Å"The impression was unforgettable, and it sounded much better than with an orchestra."(Sabaneev 32). Thus, these symphonies have been described as having been written and best meant for a piano solo by Scriabin when he was doing the composition (Bowers 335). According to Vladimir Horowitz, a prominent pianist, Vers la flame was inspired by Scriabin’s unconventional belief that the world would be destroyed by accumulation of heat. The title itself, coupled with the emotional upsurge throughout the poem points to the sizzling destruction of the earth. As already pointed out, Scriabin was interested in both Nietzsche's ubermensch theory and theosophy and this played a great part not only in his musical thoughts but also in his music. Vers la flame therefore expresses and reflects Scriabin’s intensifying and deep philosophical convictions, particularly as at the time that the symphony was being composed. Macdonald thus comments that â€Å"†¦ he (Scriabin) later saw every composition as the expression of his mental world and attached much importance to the meaning, whether mystical, philosophical, or fantastic, of each piece† (33). The incorporation of philosophical aspects, intense, fiery luminance achieved by the use of remarkable harmonies and complex tremolos in the poem lends it a high degree of aesthetic appeal and makes the

African American men and the prison system Research Paper

African American men and the prison system - Research Paper Example The report also indicates that African Americans have the highest imprisonment rate, about six times that of white American males and three times higher than Hispanic males. Further reports indicate that by 2007, the African American composition in the prison system was 900, 000 of the total 2.2 million population, which suggests that at least on in five African American man has been incarcerated (Alexander, 2011). If the current incarceration trend persists, then at least one in three African Americans will have an incarceration record by 2020 (ASAALH, 2011). The prison system adoption of incarceration policies has produce outstanding results in public safety, but they have had an enormous contribution to the weak informal social controls and family disruptions in the African American communities. African Americans disproportionate rate of incarceration has been documented in the past, but the current figures suggest than there are no active policies to address the issue. While it i s true that crime rates have risen over the past thirty years by almost 500%, the increasing number of blacks incarcerated is still not explainable (Clear, Cole, and Reisig, 2011). Different individuals and parties have raised concerns over the issue, notably Michelle Alexander and her book on mass incarceration. According to Alexander, the current population of African Americans in the prison and jail system is greater than that enslaved before the beginning of the Civil War. She further argues that crime rates are at a historical low as compared to the fluctuations over the years. Alexander attributes the increase to the current policies on war on drugs, a war that seems to aim at the poor communities of color exclusively, despite the fact that whites also trade and use illegal drugs at similar or higher levels than African Americans (Alexander, 2011). Reports indicate that at least four of five African American youths living in some black inner-city society expect incarceration a t one point in their lives. This leads economic and social disenfranchisement of many great African American, denying them voting rights, educational opportunities, public housing, and excluding them from equal opportunity hiring and legal rights like juries. According to Alexander, these discriminations and disenfranchisement causes more than 70% of these African Americans to return to the system after only two years (Clear, Cole, and Reisig, 2011). Another journalist, Lisa Ling, highlights the problems that face African American males after incarceration. She explores how the imprisonment of black males affects the subsequent and multiple generations of the community, creating a poverty cycle in the African American (Alexander, 2011). Among the difficulties she attributes to incarceration, include aggressive behavior, increased chances of homelessness, future imprisonment, and failure in school. Other challenges that ex-convicts face are reduced chances of getting a job, and lack of experience. Different states in the US exhibit variances in the proportion of black and white incarceration rates, ranging from as a high as 13.6-to-1 in states like Iowa to as low as 1.9-to-1 in Hawaii (Mauer and King, 2007). Interestingly, states that exhibit a high disproportional rate of incarceration are located on the Midwest and Northeast, including Wisconsin, Vermont, New Jersey, Iowa, and Connecticut. However, high disproportional rates between the Hispanic and the white incarceration population also follow similar geographic concentration, with the notable states being New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and New York. The states with

Should disabled veterans get preferential treatment over better Assignment

Should disabled veterans get preferential treatment over better qualified candidates who are not disabled veterans - Assignment Example According to the utilitarian consideration of employment and discrimination, every individual should be given equivalent chances at employment; therefore, discrimination in the hiring process should be discouraged. With the prevalence of discrimination against the minorities in the society, affirmative action is seen as the redeeming factor, with the introduction of the Disabled Veterans Affirmative Action Program (DVAAP) to serve the rights of disabled people (FHWA, 2004). Affirmative action in this case refers to the series that seek to redress the injustices faced by minorities in society, and can involve laws or social programs that promote the justice of minorities (ACLU, 2011). Other affirmative action programs are those that involve women or minorities in the society, and in comparison with the DVAAP, these action programs can be concluded to be just as effective. Affirmative action programs consider all the rights of minorities in the society, and the main consideration is given to the disabled, women, and minorities in the society. The Utilitarian View of an affirmative action program is that all people in the society are entitled to equal rights, despite their disabilities or qualifications. According to the view, affirmative action programs guarantee that all individuals in the society are given the chance to progress and give the chance to all members of the society to progress equally. This is done by considering that the community functions as a whole, therefore, the parts of the community that pull back the development process should be helped. From the definition of the utilitarian affirmative process, it can be concluded that the DVAAP is a program that should be kept up in the society. Conversely, the deontological considerations of affirmative action programs dictate that the most qualified person for the job should be hired, regardless of their disabilities or minority effect. This means that the discrimination